SOURCE LIBRARY
Examine the Sources
Open the original work whenever available. Unverified research leads are visible, but never presented as verified evidence.
H01 · Source recordJustin, Dialogue with Trypho 47Torah-observant believers and disagreement over fellowshipH02 · Source recordJerome, Letter 112 §13Hostile testimony about NazarenesH03 · Source recordEpiphanius, Panarion translation record; accessible translation copyPanarion 29; match excerpts against a scholarly edition and respect translation rightsH04 · Source recordCouncil of Laodicea, canon 29Boundary-setting over Sabbath observanceH05 · Source recordIrenaeus, Against Heresies 1.10.2Churches in Spain and GaulH06 · Source recordJewish Encyclopedia, Marano; later reference discussionHistorical etymology proposal and alternativesH07 · Source recordJerome, On Illustrious Men 3Report of a Hebrew Gospel associated with NazarenesH08 · Source recordVat. ebr. 100; Hames and Casanellas 2015; Casanellas 2024Manuscript and competing reconstructions of translation contextH09 · Source recordMatti Moosa, The Maronites in History, pp. 11–13Moosa reports an eleventh-century Maronite bishop's Christ-centered explanation of the name through the monastery Maran, alongside other accounts involving Marun.H10 · Source recordMarano Ticino municipal historyA town-specific alternative derivationH11 · Source recordYehuda Liebes, Hebrew discussionYeshua, Prince of the Presence; scholarly identification and transmission questionsH12 · Source recordDavid Brofsky, Pesukei de-ZimraNishmat attribution to Peter and objections; follow citations to earlier witnessesH13 · Source recordDawson, Acts and Jubilees studyPre-Acts context for obligations associated with NoahH14 · Source recordOrigen, Against Celsus 1.55Evidence of a collective reading before RashiH15 · Source recordDonation of Constantine text; historical discussionA specific documented forgery, not proof of every alleged alterationH16 · Source recordLazarus traditions and their chronologyCritical discussion of Provence traditionH17 · Source recordAvodah Zarah 17aEliezer narrative and contact with teaching attributed to YeshuaH18 · Source recordIsaiah 63 and 64Father language before the New TestamentH19 · Source recordJewish Encyclopedia, RabbiTitle history and early usage; compare John 1:38 and 3:26H20 · Source recordMishnah Pesachim 10:8Afikoman in meal contextI01 · Research lead, not verifiedEdot HaMizrach Yom Kippur confessionPrayer exhibit; obtain the actual edition and described image; distinguish causing delay/distress to Messiah from explicit identification of Isaiah's servantI02 · Source recordSanhedrin 98bFeatured witness applying Isaiah 53:4 in discussion of Messiah's name; do not turn a name discussion into commentary on every verseI03 · Research lead, not verifiedAz Milifnei BereshitFull prayer exhibit with rite, edition and contextual text; Nusach Sefard is not a synonym for a Sephardi ethnic originI04 · Source recordTargum Jonathan Isaiah 52:13Explicit messianic identification at opening; show how suffering is redistributed in the following paraphraseI05 · Source recordTanchuma Toldot 14Exalted Messiah and Isaiah 52:13; cross-reference I28 rather than count twiceI06 · Source recordAbarbanel on Isaiah 52:13Witness to messianic interpretation in debate; explain his own alternative rather than list him as simply endorsing Yeshua's readingI07 · Source recordRuth Rabbah 5:6Messiah and suffering in a Ruth exposition; show exact Isaiah citation and contextI08 · Research lead, not verifiedYalkut Shimoni 476Parallel tradition; identify relationship to Midrash Shmuel I26I09 · Research lead, not verifiedZohar II 212aMessiah bearing suffering; identify mystical setting and dating questionsI10 · Research lead, not verifiedPesikta Rabbati 36–37Extended suffering-Messiah material; edition and passage review required for precise excerpt boundariesI11 · Source recordRambam, Epistle to YemenMessianic use of Isaiah 52:15; not blanket endorsement of a dying Messiah or ChristianityI12 · Research lead, not verifiedIbn CrispinConsult original commentary alongside Driver–Neubauer translation; do not publish an unverified secondary extraction as direct HebrewI13 · Research lead, not verifiedHombergLater messianic reading; preserve date and author's contextI14 · Source recordRambanExplain distinctions between contextual exposition, messianic interpretation and polemical settingI15 · Research lead, not verifiedRashi on Sanhedrin 98aContextual messianic reference; separate from Rashi's Isaiah commentaryI16 · Research lead, not verifiedShem MiShmuel, VayigashLater exposition; do not date it to antiquityI17 · Research lead, not verifiedAlshichStrong interpretive witness with qualifications; quote surrounding explanation and identify the referent in each passageI18 · Source recordAbraham Saba, Eshkol HaKofer on Ruth 4:17Featured: Messiah son of Joseph, atoning death and Isaiah passage; retain son-of-Joseph frameworkI19 · Research lead, not verifiedMidrash KonenVerify exact recension and edition; date the witness carefullyI20 · Research lead, not verifiedReshit Chokhmah, Shaar HaKedushah 15:58Later transmission of suffering-Messiah material; identify dependence where knownI21 · Source recordShelah, Torah Or 77Featured: Messiah son of Joseph, life poured out and atoning blood; retain son-of-David sequelI22 · Research lead, not verifiedDavid AltschulerMixed explanatory framework; do not detach the sentence from the interpretation it servesI23 · Research lead, not verifiedSamuel LaniadoResearch queue until original passage and translation are matchedI24 · Source recordIbn Ezra on Isaiah 52:13Records and rejects a messianic reading; valuable evidence of debate, not endorsementI25 · Research lead, not verifiedMidrash Tehillim 2:9Verify edition and actual scope of messianic applicationI26 · Research lead, not verifiedMidrash Shmuel 19:1Cross-reference I08; one tradition may have multiple textual witnessesI27 · Research lead, not verifiedYalkut Shimoni 499Cross-reference Pesikta material I10; do not inflate independent testimony countI28 · Research lead, not verifiedTanchuma Buber Toldot 20Edition/parallel of I05; show variants if materialI29 · Source recordSukkah 52aMessiah son of Joseph slain; related background, not a direct Isaiah 53 citationI30 · Source recordBerakhot 5aIsaiah and suffering/atonement discussion; not explicit messianic identificationI31 · Source recordSotah 14aApplies Isaiah language to Moses; important evidence that applications are not exclusively messianicI32 · Research lead, not verifiedAstruc, Hazan and Segre research leadsRetain all leads from appendix; no public quotation until located and checkedH21 · Source recordNathanael Andrade, Christian Contexts, Non-Christian Names (2024)Aramaic mr (lord/master), personal names such as Maron, and their possible Christian meanings without a uniquely Christian origin.